BUILDING CONSTRUCTION & MAINTENANCE ENGINEERING
(SSC JE | RRB JE | OSSC JE – HIGH WEIGHTAGE)
🔹 CHAPTER 1: BUILDING PLANNING & COMPONENTS
🔹 1. ONE-PAGE PRECISE ONE-LINER NOTES (EXAM FOCUSED)
🔸 Definition
Building: A structure with walls and roof constructed to provide shelter, comfort, and protection for human activities.
🔸 Objectives of Good Building Planning
- Maximum comfort
- Proper ventilation & lighting
- Economy in construction
- Good sanitation
- Future expansion
🔸 Basic Principles of Planning (Direct MCQs)
| Term | Meaning |
| Aspect | Position of rooms w.r.t. sun & wind |
| Orientation | Direction of building |
| Prospect | View from inside |
| Privacy | Visual & noise control |
| Grouping | Logical room arrangement |
| Circulation | Movement space |
| Sanitation | Healthy living conditions |
🔸 Areas in Building (Very Important)
| Area | Description |
| Carpet area | Net usable area |
| Floor area | Carpet + wall thickness |
| Built-up area | Floor + balcony |
| Plinth area | Built-up at floor level |
🔸 Plinth
- Portion between ground level & floor level
- Minimum height = 450 mm (IS standard)
- Protects from dampness & flooding
🔸 Standard Dimensions (Frequently Asked)
| Item | Standard Value |
| Room height | 2.75 m |
| Door height | 2.1 m |
| Door width | 0.9 m |
| Window sill | 750–900 mm |
| Stair width | ≥ 900 mm |
| Headroom | ≥ 2.1 m |
🔹 CHAPTER 2: FOUNDATIONS
🔸 Definition
Foundation: Lowest part of structure which transfers load safely to soil.
🔸 Functions of Foundation
- Distribute load
- Prevent settlement
- Provide stability
- Anchor structure
🔸 Classification Based on Depth
| Type | Condition |
| Shallow foundation | Depth ≤ width |
| Deep foundation | Depth > width |
🔸 Types of Foundations (Very Repeated)
| Foundation | Use |
| Isolated footing | Single column |
| Combined footing | Closely spaced columns |
| Strap footing | Unequal loads |
| Raft foundation | Low SBC soil |
| Pile foundation | Weak soil / heavy load |
🔸 Bearing Capacity
- Ultimate BC: Maximum load soil can take
- Safe BC: Ultimate / FOS
🔹 CHAPTER 3: BRICK MASONRY
🔸 Brick (IS Standard)
- Size (without mortar): 190 × 90 × 90 mm
- Size (with mortar): 200 × 100 × 100 mm
- Bricks per m³ ≈ 500
🔸 Mortar (Exam Favorite)
| Mortar | Use |
| 1:3 | Rich work |
| 1:6 | Brick masonry (most common) |
| Lime mortar | Old structures |
🔸 Bonds (Direct MCQs)
| Bond | Feature |
| English bond | Strongest |
| Flemish bond | Decorative |
| Stretcher bond | Partition walls |
| Header bond | Thick walls |
🔸 Comparison (Very Important)
| English Bond | Flemish Bond |
| Strong | Less strong |
| Simple appearance | Attractive |
| Used in load bearing | Used in architecture |
🔹 CHAPTER 4: DOORS, WINDOWS & VENTILATORS
🔸 Functions
- Door → Access
- Window → Light & ventilation
- Ventilator → Hot air removal
🔸 Types of Doors
| Door | Use |
| Panelled | Residential |
| Flush | Offices |
| Sliding | Hospitals |
| Revolving | Hotels |
🔸 Window Area Rule
- 10–20% of floor area
🔹 CHAPTER 5: STAIRS
🔸 Stair Terms (Direct Questions)
- Riser
- Tread
- Landing
- Headroom
- Flight
🔸 Stair Formula (Most Important)
🔸 Stair Standards
| Parameter | Value |
| Riser | 150–175 mm |
| Tread | 250–300 mm |
| Stair slope | 25°–40° |
🔹 CHAPTER 6: ROOFS
🔸 Classification
| Roof | Use |
| Flat | RCC buildings |
| Pitched | Rainfall areas |
| Shell | Large spans |
🔸 Roofing Materials
- RCC
- Tiles
- GI sheets
- AC sheets
🔹 CHAPTER 7: PLASTERING & PAINTING
🔸 Plaster
| Type | Ratio |
| Cement plaster | 1:3 to 1:6 |
| Lime plaster | 1:2 |
| Gypsum plaster | Finish coat |
🔸 Paints
| Paint | Property |
| Distemper | Cheap |
| Oil paint | Durable |
| Enamel | Glossy |
| Cement paint | Exterior |
🔹 CHAPTER 8: BUILDING DEFECTS & MAINTENANCE
🔸 Common Defects
| Defect | Cause |
| Cracks | Settlement |
| Dampness | Moisture |
| Efflorescence | Salts |
| Peeling | Poor adhesion |
🔸 Damp Proofing Methods
| Method | Use |
| DPC | Horizontal barrier |
| Cavity wall | Moisture control |
| Waterproofing | Roofs |
🔹 IMPORTANT FORMULAS
🔸 Plinth Area Rate
🔸 FAR
🔹 IMPORTANT NUMERICAL EXAMPLES
🔢 Example 1 (Easy)
Load = 600 kN, SBC = 200 kN/m²
🔢 Example 2
No. of bricks in 2 m³
🔢 Example 3
Room area = 25 m²
Window area (10%) = 2.5 m²
🔢 Example 4
Stair height = 3 m, Riser = 150 mm
Steps = 3000 / 150 = 20
🔢 Example 5
Plaster volume for 100 m² wall, 12 mm thick
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